ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗНАКИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОСАДКИ КРУПНЫХ ГИДРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ, И ИХ УСТАНОВКА

Abstract

his article provides a detailed overview of the procedures and geodetic methods used to monitor deformation in large hydraulic engineering structures. Special emphasis is placed on the selection and installation of benchmarks and settlement markers based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions ofthe site. The study highlights the classification of benchmarks (deep, surface, and wall-mounted) and the organization of level networks (II and III class) for observing settlements. The Chimkurgan reservoir is presented as a case study, including analysis of benchmark layout, leveling routes, and the use of triangulation and polygonometry to detect vertical and horizontal displacements. Recommendations are provided for ensuring the precision and stability of geodetic control systems used in hydraulic construction.