Geometry-Optimized Strip Tillage for Improving Soil Physical Quality and Hydraulic Function in Semi-Arid Vineyards

Abstract

Soil compaction and reduced infiltration capacity are critical constraints limiting soil physical quality and hydraulic functioning in semi-arid vineyard systems subjected to repeated machinery traffic. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a geometry-optimized strip tillage tool designed to improve structural functionality within the compacted root zone while minimizing inter-row disturbance. A U-shaped working body configuration, consisting of two oppositely inclined shanks and a central chisel, was theoretically substantiated and optimized using multifactor analysis. Field experiments were conducted to assess changes in penetration resistance, bulk density, and infiltration rate within the 20–40 cm soil layer under semi-arid conditions. The optimized geometry significantly reduced penetration resistance and bulk density in the trafficked strip, indicating alleviation of mechanical impedance and improved root-relevant physical conditions. Infiltration capacity increased after treatment, indicating enhanced hydraulic continuity within the root zone. Unlike full-width subsoiling, the localized strip intervention preserved inter-row soil stability and limited unnecessary disturbance, which is consistent with conservation-oriented soil management. The results indicate that geometry-optimized strip tillage is associated with improved soil physical quality and hydraulic function within compacted vineyard strips. The operational applicability of the developed implement may also depend on vineyard layout and terrain conditions. The prototype tool was tested under conditions representative of vineyards with standard row spacing and relatively moderate slopes typical for the experimental site. In vineyards with very narrow row spacing, steep slopes, or highly heterogeneous soil conditions, adjustments in working width, shank spacing, or tractor–implement configuration may be required. Future studies should therefore investigate the performance of the optimized geometry under contrasting vineyard configurations, including steep hillside vineyards and high-density planting systems. By linking implement design to quantitative soil structural and hydraulic indicators, this study contributes to the development of vineyard soil management practices for semi-arid perennial cropping systems.