| dc.description.abstract | The article presents the results of experiments conducted in the Karshi
district of the Kashkadarya region to improve the reclamation condition
of moderately saline soils, enhance the efficiency of irrigated land use, and
achieve higher crop yields. Considering the region’s water scarcity, a water
saving “Chemical” method was employed to improve the reclamation
state of saline soils. To ensure the leaching of salts to lower soil layers,
irrigation rates exceeding the standard by 25% and 50% under water
scarcity conditions were applied, and these methods were compared with
traditional approaches to study the soil’s water-salt regime. The chemical
ameliorant SPERSAL, recommended by the Swiss company “Sibo
Novartis,” was used as a soil amendment at a rate of 5 kg/ha. When applied
to the soil before irrigation or mixed with irrigation water, SPERSAL
induces an ion exchange reaction in the soil adsorption complex, displacing
sodium cations with calcium and magnesium cations. Salts such as sodium
chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium bicarbonate formed in the plant root
zone dissolve in irrigation water and leach into lower soil layers. Key
parameters studied include soil water absorption, field capacity, capillary
rise height of soil moisture, the amount of water-soluble salts in irrigation,
drainage, and groundwater, as well as soil moisture dynamics. Calculations
for the water required for leaching and irrigation of saline soils, along with
the economic efficiency of the applied variants based on cotton yields, were
determined according to the “Methods of Conducting Field Experiments”
(Tashkent, 2007) guidelines. | en_US |
